Common excavators are driven by internal combustion engine excavators and electric excavators. Among them, electric excavators are mainly used in high-altitude hypoxia and underground mines and other flammable and explosive places.

According to the different size, excavators can be divided into large excavators, medium-sized excavators and small excavators.

According to the different ways of walking, excavators can be divided into crawler excavators and wheeled excavators.

According to the different transmission methods, excavators can be divided into hydraulic excavators and mechanical excavators. Mechanical excavators are mainly used in some large mines.

According to its use, excavators can be divided into general excavators, mining excavators, Marine excavators, special excavators and other different categories.

According to the bucket, the excavator can be divided into shovel excavator, backhoe excavator, pull shovel excavator and grab shovel excavator. Shovel excavators are mostly used to dig materials above the surface, backhoe excavators are mostly used to dig materials below the surface.

1. Backhoe excavator

The backhoe is the most common one we've seen, back down, forced cuts. It can be used for the excavation below the stoppage work surface. The basic operation modes are: ditch end excavation, ditch side excavation, straight line excavation, curve excavation, maintaining a certain Angle excavation, ultra-deep ditch excavation and ditch slope excavation.

2. Forward shovel excavator

Shovel excavator shovel action form. It is characterized by "forward upward, forced soil cutting". Positive shovel excavation force is large, can excavate the soil above the stop surface, suitable for excavating the height of more than 2m dry foundation pit, but must be set up up and down ramps. The scoop of the shovel is larger than that of the excavator with the same equivalent backhoe, which can excavate a to three types of soil with a water content of no more than 27%, and complete the entire excavation and transportation operation with the dump truck, and can also excavate large dry foundation pits and mounds. According to the different excavation route and the relative position of the transport vehicle, there are two ways of excavation and unloading: forward excavation and lateral unloading; Excavation in the forward direction and unloading in the reverse direction.

3. Dragline excavator

Pull shovel excavator is also called wire shovel excavator. The characteristics of its excavation are: "backward and downward, self-weight cutting soil". It is suitable to excavate Class I and II soil below the stop surface. When working, the use of inertia force to throw out the bucket, dig relatively far, digging radius and digging depth is larger, but not as flexible and accurate as the backhoe. Especially suitable for excavation of large and deep foundation pits or underwater excavation.

4. Grab the shovel and shovel

A grab shovel is also called a grab shovel. The characteristics of its excavation are: "straight up and straight down, self-weight cutting soil". It is suitable for excavating class I and II soil below the stop surface, and is often used for excavation of foundation pit and caisson in soft soil areas. Especially suitable for digging deep and narrow foundation pits, dredging old channels and digging silt in water, etc., or for loading gravel, slag and other loose materials. There are two excavation methods: trench side excavation and positioning excavation. If the grab is made into a grid strip, it can also be used for loading ore blocks, wood chips, wood, etc., in the wood storage yard.

The vast majority of today's excavators are full hydraulic full rotary excavators. Hydraulic excavator is mainly composed of engine, hydraulic system, working device, walking device and electrical control. The hydraulic system consists of hydraulic pump, control valve, hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor, pipeline, oil tank and so on. The electrical control system includes monitoring panel, engine control system, pump control system, various sensors, solenoid valves and so on.

The hydraulic excavator is generally composed of three parts: the working device, the upper body and the lower body. According to its structure and use, it can be divided into: track type, tire type, walking type, full hydraulic, semi-hydraulic, full rotary, non-full rotary, general purpose, special type, articulated, telescopic arm type and many other types.

The working device is a device that directly completes the excavation task. It is hinged by three parts, such as boom, bucket rod and bucket. In order to meet the needs of different construction operations, hydraulic excavators can be equipped with a variety of working devices, such as digging, lifting, loading, leveling, clamping, dodging, impact hammer, rotary digging drill and other working machines.

The rotary and walking device is the body of the hydraulic excavator, and the upper part of the rotary table is provided with a power device and a transmission system. The engine is the power source of the hydraulic excavator, most of which use diesel in a convenient site, and can also be changed to an electric motor.

The hydraulic transmission system transmits the power of the engine to the hydraulic motor, hydraulic cylinder and other executive components through the hydraulic pump to promote the action of the working device, so as to complete various operations.